There are three major assumptions widely held in mainstream science that have put a chokehold on every scientific institution in the world, and they also happen to be wrong. The purpose of this blog is to correct these assumptions, and in so doing end the unscientific global warming eco-hysteria, and to bring a broader understanding of our planet and our galaxy. The saying that science is self-correcting is simply no longer true when it becomes political science. The three assumptions that need correction are:
1) There is no Greenhouse Effect.
2) Temperature data from the Ice Cores at Vostok, Antarctica and others are not continuous records of past climate.
3) Gravity is a not a constant.
By correcting these wrong assumptions, and throwing out all the junk science built upon them, we have all the evidence necessary to prove that a gravitational wave tuned to the circumference of our galaxy is the cause of past ice ages, the existence and extinction of the megafauna, the anomalies of past sea level, and a force that holds our galaxy together.
THERE IS NO GREENHOUSE EFFECT
It is truly amazing that a theory so obviously flawed as the greenhouse theory has gotten so far for so long and wasted such vast amounts of time and money. It's as if people have never seen a greenhouse. When you look up at the stars at night, do you imagine yourself to be looking through a pane of glass? No. Because our atmosphere is wide open to space. Individual molecules have no ability to trap heat from escaping. It's not a greenhouse and does not behave as such. So let's go ahead and debunk this one first.
FACTORS
DETERMINING THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF EARTH
IDEAL GAS LAW
The
basic laws of physics such as Ideal Gas Law, PV=nRT, where (P) is
atmospheric pressure, (V) is volume,
(n) is the number of molecules, (R) is the universal gas constant, and (T) is temperature, show that the
temperature of a gas or gasses is proportional to pressure and volume and the
composition of gas is insignificant in respect to temperature.
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
The
Second Law of Thermodynamics dictates that heat transfer can occur in only one
direction, from hotter to colder until a thermodynamic equilibrium is reached. The
atmosphere both heats and cools the surface of the Earth from day to night.
Heat transfer between the surface of the planet and the atmosphere occurs in
the troposphere, receiving heat from the sun and atmosphere by day and losing
it to the atmosphere and space at night. Planet Earth reaches an average
temperature equilibrium at the surface of 15(C), or 288(K).(1)
DATA FROM VENUS
In
1991, NASA space probe Magellan obtained atmospheric data from the planet
Venus. Within the troposphere at 49.5(km)
above the surface of Venus, the atmospheric pressure matches that of sea level
on Earth at 1,000 millibars. The
average temperature at this altitude on Venus was found to be 66(C), or 339(K).(2) Venus receives
almost twice as much energy from the Sun as Earth, being closer at 67.25
million miles, compared to 93 million miles for Earth. Calculating 93/67.25 squared
shows that Venus receives 1.91 times more energy from the Sun than the Earth.
STEFAN-BOLTZMANN LAW
Using
the Stefan-Boltzmann Law of thermal radiation, we
can determine that the temperature of a radiating body is proportional to its
fourth root. The fourth root of 1.91 yields a value of 1.176. Expressed more simply, 1.176 is the square
root of 93/67.25.
Multiplying
the average surface temperature of Earth of 288(K) by 1.176 gives a value of 338.7(K), less than one degree difference from the average temperature as
measured on Venus at the same atmospheric pressure, 339(K). After accounting for proximity to the sun, the same thermal
equilibrium is found on Venus to within 1 degree as occurs on Earth, while the atmosphere
of Venus is comprised of 96.5% CO2 compared to only 0.04% CO2 for Earth.(3)
DATA FROM TITAN
Titan,
the largest moon of Saturn, also has a vastly different atmosphere than that of
Earth, comprised of roughly 98% Nitrogen and 2% Methane. The surface is also
much colder than that of Earth, being 886 million miles from the Sun, and
receiving only 1% as much energy from it as does the Earth. Liquid Methane does
the work of heat transfer near the surface and throughout the troposphere, forming
clouds and rain, with an atmospheric pressure at the surface only slightly
higher, at 1.5 times that of Earth.(4)
If
we again apply the Stefan-Boltzmann calculation to Titan by finding the square
root of 93M/886M we get a value of 0.324. Multiplying by our average surface
temperature of Earth at 288(K) tells
us the temperature within the troposphere of Titan at similar atmospheric pressure
to sea level on Earth should be close to 93.3(K).
The
Cassini-Huygens space probe measured the surface temperature of Titan at 94(K), precisely within the range to be
expected.(5) Again, after accounting
for proximity to the sun, the same thermal equilibrium is reached near the
surface of Titan as that of Earth, despite the composition of atmosphere.
ONLY TWO SIGNIFICANT FACTORS
DETERMINE THE CLIMATE OF EARTH
It
is clear by the data from Venus and Titan when compared against Earth, that the
gas composition of a planet’s atmosphere is insignificant in respect to surface
temperature. Ideal Gas Law and the Second Law of Thermodynamics hold true for
Venus, Earth, and Titan. The only significant factors affecting the thermal equilibrium
at the surface of the Earth are:
1) Atmospheric Pressure
2) Proximity to the Sun
There you have it. There is no greenhouse effect. At this point the global warming alarmists that have taken over the sciences and steered it into utter stupidity will say, "Now what about the ice core record? CO2 hasn't been this high in hundreds of thousands of years." Yes, let's get to that and take a closer look.
ICE CORES ARE NOT CONTINUOUS RECORDS OF PAST CLIMATE
A
NEW STUDY OF THE VOSTOK ICE CORE
Data
obtained from an ice core taken from Vostok, Antarctica shows dramatic changes
in temperature at regular cycles of roughly 100,000 year layers, giving the
appearance of swings from glacial maximums to interglacial warm periods over
very short periods of time. These dramatic changes in temperature are unlikely
to be explained by rapid changes in the Earth’s proximity to the sun, or by
rapid changes in atmospheric pressure.
What
does explain the odd shape and dramatic changes of the plotted temperature data
from Vostok is that the ice core is not a continuous record of past climate,
but the fragmented sections of much larger temperature cycles which include
periods of ice growth followed by periods of partial melt, leaving behind
layers of ice stacked upon each other, representing roughly one third of the
total cycle.
A
new study of the Vostok ice core was conducted and compared against a new model
of past climate. This model included the effects of the Milankovitch cycles to
account for changes in proximity to the Sun, calculated for 78 degrees South
Latitude, mated to a larger temperature cycle, and was compared against
different sections of temperature data from the Vostok ice core.(6) In constructing a new theory of
past climate and re-dating sections of the ice core, a strong correlation was
found, revealing the cycle of ice ages to recur at roughly 330,000 years.
PAST
SEA LEVELS
Further proof of this interpretation of the ice core can be found in the study of past sea levels. As
the ice sheet at Vostok went through these larger glacial cycles, landlocked
ice melted and poured into the oceans causing sea levels to rise, reaching high
stands at points just past the top of the cycle and the maximum of temperature.
These sea-level high stands have been identified at both 81,000 years ago of at
least +1 meter over today’s sea level(7),
and 400,000 years ago, at +21 meters over today’s sea level.(8)
Now that we have identified the 330,000 year cycle, we can start to figure out the cause of it.
GRAVITY IS NOT A CONSTANT
THE
GALACTIC GRAVITATIONAL WAVE
The 330,000
year cycle that has taken our planet in and out of ice ages over the past 2.5M
years must correspond to something in the natural world with the ability to
change either atmospheric pressure or the Earth’s proximity to the sun. The
diameter of our Milky Way galaxy is 105,000 light years.(11) Multiplying this number by the value of pi gives us a galactic
circumference of roughly 330,000 light years.
As
Albert Einstein claimed in his General Theory of Relativity in 1915, changes in
gravitational pressure travel at the speed of light. Gravity would have the
ability to change atmospheric pressure. Under lower gravity, less gas would
remain dissolved in the oceans, increasing the overall mass of atmosphere,
resulting in increased atmospheric pressure at the surface, and higher
temperatures.
Given
the size of megafauna of the past, it is clear that gravity has an inverse
relationship to the increase of temperature. A Woolly Mammoth of 50,000 years
ago could grow to such enormous size, and in places now too cold for it to
survive, because it lived under conditions of lower gravity and a warmer
climate. A lowered state of gravity and a denser atmosphere also explains a
great many animals of the past whose size and proportion seem to contradict
their design, such as giant kangaroos too big to hop, and extremely large birds
previously considered incapable of flight.
THE CHANGE IN GRAVITY HAS ALREADY BEEN MEASURED
When Henry Cavendish first built his device and measured gravity in 1798, he came up with a value for the gravitational constant that 1.2% lower than the accepted value today. Physicists would like to pass this off as a fault in his experiment, or by saying that precise science was not possible 200 years ago. But what if his measurement was absolutely correct. We have all the proof we need of increasing gravity, and now we know what happened to the megafauna.
Lastly, consider the shape that has been proposed for gravitational waves, like this one from NASA:
DISCUSSION
This
is obviously a radical re-interpretation of the available data in direct contradiction to
three widely held, yet unproven assumptions; First, that there is or could be
such a phenomenon as a greenhouse effect whereby changing the composition of atmosphere
of a planet could cause a long term change in surface temperature; Second, that
the ice core taken from Vostok, Antarctica and others offer complete and
continuous records of past climate, and; Third, that the force of gravity has
been a constant throughout the history of the Earth. This work also contradicts
a widely held notion that the Earth is in an un-natural state of human-caused
global warming, as opposed to a natural cycle of global cooling caused by increasing gravity.
Also
interesting is that the 330,000 year gravitational cycle is expressed in the
ice core data with exponential increases and decreases in temperature, and not
as a simple sine wave. So the Woolly Mammoth and other megafauna would have experienced an increase in gravity but an exponential increase, coupled with a rapid decrease in temperature.
CONCLUSION
Evidence
exists on every continent, from temperature data etched into the ice sheets of
Antarctica, to sea level high-stands in coastal caves and coral reefs, to the
fossil and frozen remains of Woolly Mammoths and other species of megafauna,
the signature of the great gravitational pulse of our Milky Way galaxy.
The
megafauna of tens of thousands of years ago were able to reach their enormous
size under conditions of lower gravity, and thrived in places now too cold to
support them, in a climate several degrees warmer than today. Their evolution
and existence was made possible by the same gravitational wave which caused
their extinction.
SUPPLEMENTARY
MATERIALS
Graph of Fig.
1. climate model, Milankovitch calculations for changes in solar insolation
were obtained at the website: http://www.imcce.fr/Equipes/ASD/insola/Earth/online/index.php
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This article
draws a conclusion made possible through the data and scientific work of
thousands of scientists across many different fields of study over a long
period of time; the launching of space probes to Venus and Saturn, the
collection and study of the ice core from Antarctica, the study of past sea
levels, and the collection and study of fossil remains from around the world,
as well as the work of Albert Einstein one hundred years ago.
REFERENCES
AND NOTES
2. J.M. Jenkins, P. G.
Steffes, D.P. Hinson, J.D. Twicken, and G.L. Tyler, Radio Occultation Studies
of the Venus Atmosphere with the Magellan Spacecraft, Icarus, Vol. 110, 79-94, 1994
3. credit: Harry Dale
Huffman - https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index? qid=20101115180437AApqdwG
4. In situ measurements of the physical characteristics
of Titan's environment. M. Fulchignoni, et al., Nature 438, 785-791 (8 December
2005)
5. Ibid.
6. Petit, J.R., et al., 2001, Vostok Ice Core Data for 420,000 Years,
IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series
#2001-076. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology
Program, Boulder CO, USA.
7. Sea-Level Highstand 81,000 Years Ago in Mallorca. Jeffrey A.
Dorale, Bogdan P. Onac, Joan J. Fornós, Joaquin Ginés, Angel Ginés, Paola
Tuccimei, David W. Peate. Science 12 February 2010: Vol. 327 no. 5967 pp.
860-863
8. A sustained +21 m sea-level highstand during MIS 11
(400 ka): direct fossil and sedimentary evidence from Bermuda. Storrs L.
Olsona, , , Paul J. Heartyb, c, 1, Quaternary Science Reviews, Volume 28,
Issues 3–4, February 2009, Pages 271–285
9. Laskar, J., Robutel, P., Joutel, F., Gastineau, M., Correia,
A.C.M., Levrard, B. : 2004, A&A 428, 261-285 (2004), A long term numerical
solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth.
10.Ibid. 6
11.The Hidden Lives of Galaxies, Jim Lochner, USRA & NASA/GSFC
